Minggu, 23 September 2012

Makna lambang Garuda Pancasila


Tentang Garuda

GARUDA adalah burung yang sering dijadikan lambang oleh berbagai masyarakat dunia. Orang Mesopotamia, Mesir, India, Indonesia, bangsa asli Amerika, Indian mengenal burung itu, seperti tercermin dalam sistem kepercayaan, legenda maupun simbol masyarakat mereka.
Dalam dunia ilmiah fauna, nama Burung Garuda tidaklah dikenal, namun demikian Burung Garuda yang menjadi lambang negara Republik Indonesia diciptakan dengan rupa representasi Elang Jawa atau Javan Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus Bartelsi dengan warna bulu emas
Keberadaaan dan sejarahnya bahkan sudah tercipta jauh lebih lama dibanding berdirinya Negara Indonesia. Burung suci ini juga dapat ditemukan dalam mitologi Hindu dan Buddha.
Di dalam mitologi Hindu, Garuda digambarkan sebagai setengah manusia dan setengah burung yang menjadi kendaraan Dewa Wisnu dan merupakan raja dari para burung. Pada kisah Baghawad Gita juga disebut nama Burung Garuda oleh Khrisna di tengah perang Barata Yudha di Kurusetra, “Of birds, I am the son of Vinata (Garuda)”. Sedangkan di dalam mitologi Budha, Burung Garuda digambarkan sebagai predator yang hebat dan pintar serta memiliki kemampuan berorganisasi secara sosial.
Garuda muncul dalam berbagai kisah yang melambangkan kebajikan, pengetahuan, kekuatan, keberanian, kesetiaan, dan disiplin. Pada tradisi Bali, Garuda dimuliakan sebagai “Tuan segala makhluk yang dapat terbang” dan “Raja Agung Para Burung”. Mirip penggambaran Simurgh Yang Agung, Raja para burung,  dalam Kisah Musyawarah Burung karangan seorang Sufi Agung, Faridu ‘Din Attar.
Posisi mulia Garuda dalam tradisi Indonesia sejak zaman kuno telah menjadikan Garuda sebagai simbol nasional Indonesia, sebagai perwujudan ideologi Pancasila.
Menurut lampiran pada Peraturan Pemerintah no 66 tahun 1951, menjelaskan bahwa lukisan garuda diambil dari benda peradaban Indonesia yang tergambar pula pada beberapa candi sejak abad ke 6 sampai ke 16. Raja-raja di Indonesia sudah sejak lama memakai lambang Garuda. Seperti dalam sebuah buku tentang lambang-lambang kerajaan yang terbit sekitar tahun 1483, termuat lambang Raja Jawa yang memperlihatkan seekor burung Phoenix di atas api unggun, sedangkan Raja Sumatra berlambang rajawali digambar dari samping dengan kedua cakarnya mengarah ke depan.
Makna Lambang Garuda Pancasila
“Maka buatlah peringatan, sesungguhnya peringatan itu manfaat (9). Akan membuat peringatan orang – orang yang takut kepada Alloh Ta’ala (10)” QS Al ‘Ala 9 – 10
  • Pilihan untuk menggunakan Garuda sebagai lambang juga merupakan simbol tersendiri
“Semua binatang yang bergerak di muka bumi, dan semua binatang yang terbang dengan sayapnya, namun kesemuanya itu adalah jenis – jenis makhluk yang banyak persamaannya dengan kamu, tiadalah Kami alpakan segalanya di dalam Kita, kemudian mereka akan dihimpunkan kepada Tuhannya” QS Al An’am 38
“Jasad – jasad ini semuanya adalah sangkarnya burung“ (Abu Bakar Ash Shiddiq dalam kitab Ayyuhal Walad karangan Imam Ghozali)
Dari dasar di atas tahulah kita bahwa burung adalah perlambang jiwa manusia, sedang Garuda dalam masyarakat Indonesia, dikenal sebagai burung raksasa. Dengan begini terjalin pengertian bahwasanya Garuda melambangkan pengertian manusia yang berjiwa besar. Selain itu, Garuda juga merupakan simbol Indonesia sebagai Bangsa yang Besar juga Negara Besar. Mari kita perhatikan,
  • Luas wilayah Indonesia
    • Sumatra dan pulau sekitarnya luasnya 473.605,9 km2 setara dengan luas gabungan Inggris Raya (244.046 km2), Rumania (237.500km2) dan Yunani (131.944km2)
    • Kalimantan luasnya 549.424951 km2 setara dengan Perancis (547.026km2), Spanyol (504.782 km2) dan Swedia (449.964 km2)
    • Irian Jaya luasnya 421.951 km2 dan setara dengan Jerman (346.784 km2), Norwegia (386.640 km2), Polandia (312.677 km2), dan Italia (312.225 km2)
    • Pulau Jawa & Madura (132.174 km2) atau setara dengan gabungan Swiss (41.280 km2), Denmark (43.069 km2), Belanda (41.160 km2), Vatikan (0,44 km2), Monaco (1,81 km2), Luxemburg (2,586 km2)
    • Pulau Jawa saja tanpa Madura masih lebih luas dibanding Austria (83.853 km2) atau Portugal (92.082 km2)
    • Propinsi Jateng (34.966 km2) lebih luas dibanding Belgia (30.513 km2), bahkan DI Jogjakarta masih lebih luas dibanding gabungan Vatikan (0,44 km2), Monaco (1,81 km2), Luxemburg (2,586 km2)
    • Menurut Deklarasi Juanda, Batas laut Indonesia adalah seluas 3.200.000 km2 sehingga jika ditambahkan dengan luas daratannya, maka luas Indonesia adalah 5.200.000 km2 menjadikan Indonesia Negara Kepulauan Terbesar di dunia.
  • Kekayaan alam yang luar biasa melimpah, dengan luas wilayah 5.200.000 km2, terletak di khatulistiwa yang menjadikan Indonesia beriklim paling nyaman – iklim tropis, terletak di anatara dua benua dan dua samudera, dilewati deretan pegunungan, menjadikan Indonesia memiliki potensi alam yang luar biasa. Sejarah menunjukkan Indonesia adalah penghasil rempah – rempah utama dunia. Negara dengan sumber kekayaan tambang yang luar biasa, lengkap dan melimpah. Jutaan jenis hewan dan tumbuhan ada di Indonesia. Laiknya potongan surga yang turun ke dunia, bahkan dikatakan bahwa Indonesia adalah Atlantis itu sendiri
  • Keragaman penduduk. Menurut statistik, Indonesia adalah negara dengan jumlah penduduk lebih dari 250 juta jiwa yang tersebar di seluruh kepulauan Indonesia. Terbesar ketiga setelah China dan India. Perbedaannya adalah Indonesia dihuni oleh beragam etnis, suku, ras, bahasa, agama, dan adat istiadat bandingkan dengan China atau India yang relatif tidak memiliki banyak perbedaan. Maka boleh dibilang Indonesia merupakan negara dengan keragaman penduduk terbesar di dunia.
  • Indonesia adalah Bangsa dan Negara yang memiliki sejarah panjang dan kompleks. Membicarakan sejarah Indonesia sama halnya membicarakan sejarah dunia (Api Sejarah jilid 1). Bahkan hubungan diplomatik internasional Indonesia sudah terjalin sejak sebelum Abad 7 M. Ditandai dengan catatan “Berita Dinasti Tang”, catatan Ma Huan – seorang China muslim,“Ying-yai heng-lan” dan makam Fatimah binti Maimun di Desa Leran, Gresik.
  • Potensi kejayaan Indonesia, melihat betapa luasnya wilayah Indonesia, kekayaan alamnya yang melimpah, jumlah penduduknya yang banyak, terbitnya persatuan dan kesatuan di atas perbedaan, dan semakin tumbuhnya kesadaran Cinta Tanah Air, jika dan hanya jika Indonesia bisa mengusir kutu dan parasit yang menempel di bulunya maka Indonesia akan berjaya gilang gumilang. Inilah yang dicita – citakan oleh Lambang Garuda Pancasila, menjadi Bangsa & Negara yang besar !
  • Warna keemasan pada burung Garuda melambangkan keagungan dan kejayaan.
  • Garuda memiliki paruh, sayap, ekor, dan cakar yang melambangkan kekuatan dan tenaga untuk melaksanakan perubahan ke arah kebaikan.
    Posisi burung Garuda yang dijadikan lambang adalah posisi burung yang sedang terbang, bukan yang sedang diam
    Dalam QS An Nahl 79, Alloh Berfirman, “Apakah mereka tidak memperhatikan burung yang mudah terbang di udara?”
    juga di dalam QS Al Mulk 19, “Apakah mereka tidak memperhatikan burung yang terbang di angkasa itu?”
    Maksudnya posisi terbang adalah Bangsa Indonesia haruslah terus bergerak menuju perubahan dan siap terhadap perubahan.
  • Lehernya menoleh ke kanan, dalam ajaran Islam, posisi kanan itu disebut “Ash-habul yamiin” artinya melambangkan hal – hal yang baik. Sedang sebelah kiri disebut “Ash-habusy syimaal” dan melambangkan hal – hal yang negatif. Ini merupakan perlambang bahwa jiwa – jiwa Bangsa Indonesia haruslah bergerak ke arah kebaikan. ini sesuai dengan QS Al Baqoroh 148, “Maka berlomba – lombalah menuju kebaikan“
  • Perisai adalah tameng yang telah lama dikenal dalam kebudayaan dan peradaban Indonesia sebagai bagian senjata yang melambangkan perjuangan, pertahanan, dan perlindungan diri untuk mencapai tujuan.
  • Warna dasar pada ruang perisai adalah warna bendera kebangsaan Indonesia “merah-putih” sedang di tengah-tengah perisai terdapat sebuah garis hitam tebal yang melukiskan garis khatulistiwa yang menggambarkan lokasi Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, yaitu negara tropis yang dilintasi garis khatulistiwa membentang dari timur ke barat.
  • Pada perisai terdapat lima buah ruang yang mewujudkan dasar negara Pancasila. Merupakan sebuah interpretasi dan lambang dari isi Pancasila. Pengaturan lambang pada ruang perisai adalah sebagai berikut :
    1. Bagian tengah terdapat simbol bintang bersudut lima yang melambangkan sila pertama Pancasila, Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa. Lambang bintang dimaksudkan sebagai sebuah cahaya, mengandung makna nur cahyo, atau dalam bahasa Qur’an Nuurun ‘ala nurrin. Bintangnya memiliki sudut lima, maksudnya untuk menerangi Dasar Negara yang lima (Pembukaan UUD  ‘45 alinea 4), Sifat Negara yang lima (pembukaan UUD  ’45 alinea 2), dan tujuan negara yang lima (Pembukaan UUD ’46 alinea 4). Sedangkan latar berwarna hitam melambangkan warna alam atau warna asli, yang menunjukkan bahwa Berkat Rohmat Alloh adalah sumber dari segalanya
    2. Di bagian kanan bawah terdapat gambar rantai yang melambangkan sila kedua Pancasila, Kemanusiaan yang Adil dan Beradab. Rantai tersebut terdiri atas mata rantai berbentuk segi empat dan lingkaran yang saling berkait membentuk lingkaran. Mata rantai segi empat melambangkan laki-laki, sedangkan yang lingkaran melambangkan perempuan. Mata rantai yang saling berkait pun melambangkan bahwa setiap manusia, laki-laki dan perempuan, membutuhkan satu sama lain dan perlu bersatu sehingga menjadi kuat seperti sebuah rantai.
    3. Di bagian kanan atas terdapat gambar pohon beringin yang melambangkan sila ketiga, Persatuan Indonesia. Pohon beringin digunakan karena pohon beringin merupakan pohon yang besar di mana banyak orang bisa berteduh di bawahnya, seperti halnya semua rakyat Indonesia bisa “berteduh” di bawah naungan negara Indonesia. Selain itu, pohon beringin memiliki sulur dan akar yang menjalar ke mana-mana, namun tetap berasal dari satu pohon yang sama, seperti halnya keragaman suku bangsa yang menyatu di bawah nama Indonesia.
    4. Kemudian, di sebelah kiri atas terdapat gambar kepala banteng yang melambangkan sila keempat, Kerakyatan yang Dipimpin oleh Hikmat Kebijaksanaan dalam Permusyawaratan/Perwakilan. Lambang banteng digunakan karena banteng merupakan hewan sosial yang suka berkumpul, seperti halnya musyawarah di mana orang-orang harus berkumpul untuk mendiskusikan sesuatu.
    5. Dan di sebelah kiri bawah terdapat gambar padi dan kapas yang melambangkan sila kelima, Keadilan Sosial Bagi Seluruh Rakyat Indonesia. Padi dan kapas digunakan karena merupakan kebutuhan dasar setiap manusia, yakni pangan dan sandang sebagai syarat utama untuk mencapai kemakmuran yang merupakan tujuan utama bagi sila kelima ini.
    6. Jumlah bulu pada burung Garuda
      • 17 – helai bulu pada masing masing sayap, melambangkan tanggal 17
      • 8 – helai bulu pada ekor artinya melambangkan bulan 8 atau Agustus
      • 45 – helai bulu pada leher burung garuda melambangkan tahun kemerdekaan yaitu tahun 1945
      • Kedua cakar Garuda Pancasila mencengkeram sehelai pita putih bertuliskan “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” berwarna hitam.
Semboyan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika adalah kutipan dari Kakawin Sutasoma karya Mpu Tantular. Kata “bhinneka” berarti beraneka ragam atau berbeda-beda, kata “tunggal” berarti satu, kata “ika” berarti itu. Secara harfiah Bhinneka Tunggal Ika diterjemahkan “Berbeda beda tetapi satu jua”, yang bermakna meskipun berbeda-beda tetapi pada hakikatnya tetap adalah satu kesatuan, bahwa di antara pusparagam bangsa Indonesia adalah satu kesatuan.
Melambangkan dan menegaskan bahwa meski memiliki keberagaman suku bangsa, adat budaya, ras, bahasa, agama, dan kepercayaan tetapi dengan persatuan dan kesatuan dapat mewujudkan Bangsa dan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Ini adalah peringatan bagi kita untuk menjaga persatuan, mengedepankan hormat menghormati dan toleransi di atas perbedaan untuk mencapai kebaikan bersama.

Kamis, 20 September 2012

Alice In Wonderland

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (commonly shortened to Alice in Wonderland) is an 1865 novel written by English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll. It tells of a girl named Alice who falls down a rabbit hole into a fantasy world (Wonderland) populated by peculiar, anthropomorphic creatures. The tale plays with logic, giving the story lasting popularity with adults as well as children.It is considered to be one of the best examples of the literary nonsense genre, and its narrative course and structure, characters and imagery have been enormously influential[3] in both popular culture and literature, especially in the fantasy genre.

SYNOPSIS

 
Chapter 1 – Down the Rabbit Hole: Alice is feeling bored while sitting on the riverbank with her sister, when she notices a talking, clothed White Rabbit with a pocket watch run past. She follows it down a rabbit hole when suddenly she falls a long way to a curious hall with many locked doors of all sizes. She finds a small key to a door too small for her to fit through, but through it she sees an attractive garden. She then discovers a bottle on a table labelled "DRINK ME", the contents of which cause her to shrink too small to reach the key which she has left on the table. A cake with "EAT ME" on it causes her to grow to such a tremendous size her head hits the ceiling.
Chapter 2 – The Pool of Tears: Alice is unhappy and cries as her tears flood the hallway. After shrinking down again due to a fan she had picked up, Alice swims through her own tears and meets a Mouse, who is swimming as well. She tries to make small talk with him in elementary French (thinking he may be a French mouse) but her opening gambit "Où est ma chatte?" (that is "Where is my cat?") offends the mouse.
Chapter 3 – The Caucus Race and a Long Tale: The sea of tears becomes crowded with other animals and birds that have been swept away by the rising waters. Alice and the other animals convene on the bank and the question among them is how to get dry again. The mouse gives them a very dry lecture on William the Conqueror. A Dodo decides that the best thing to dry them off would be a Caucus-Race, which consists of everyone running in a circle with no clear winner. Alice eventually frightens all the animals away, unwittingly, by talking about her (moderately ferocious) cat.
Chapter 4 – The Rabbit Sends a Little Bill: The White Rabbit appears again in search of the Duchess's gloves and fan. Mistaking her for his maidservant, Mary Ann, he orders Alice to go into the house and retrieve them, but once she gets inside she starts growing. The horrified Rabbit orders his gardener, Bill the Lizard, to climb on the roof and go down the chimney. Outside, Alice hears the voices of animals that have gathered to gawk at her giant arm. The crowd hurls pebbles at her, which turn into little cakes. Alice eats them, and they reduce her again in size.
Chapter 5 – Advice from a Caterpillar: Alice comes upon a mushroom and sitting on it is a blue Caterpillar smoking a hookah. The Caterpillar questions Alice and she admits to her current identity crisis, compounded by her inability to remember a poem. Before crawling away, the caterpillar tells Alice that one side of the mushroom will make her taller and the other side will make her shorter. She breaks off two pieces from the mushroom. One side makes her shrink smaller than ever, while another causes her neck to grow high into the trees, where a pigeon mistakes her for a serpent. With some effort, Alice brings herself back to her usual height. She stumbles upon a small estate and uses the mushroom to reach a more appropriate height.
Chapter 6 – Pig and Pepper: A Fish-Footman has an invitation for the Duchess of the house, which he delivers to a Frog-Footman. Alice observes this transaction and, after a perplexing conversation with the frog, lets herself into the house. The Duchess's Cook is throwing dishes and making a soup that has too much pepper, which causes Alice, the Duchess, and her baby (but not the cook or grinning Cheshire Cat) to sneeze violently. Alice is given the baby by the Duchess and to her surprise, the baby turns into a pig. The Cheshire Cat appears in a tree, directing her to the March Hare's house. He disappears but his grin remains behind to float on its own in the air prompting Alice to remark that she has often seen a cat without a grin but never a grin without a cat.
Chapter 7 – A Mad Tea-Party: Alice becomes a guest at a "mad" tea party along with the March Hare, the Hatter, and a very tired Dormouse who falls asleep frequently, only to be violently woken up moments later by the March Hare and the Hatter. The characters give Alice many riddles and stories, including the famous 'Why is a raven like a writing desk?'. The Hatter reveals that they have tea all day because Time has punished him by eternally standing still at 6 pm (tea time). Alice becomes insulted and tired of being bombarded with riddles and she leaves claiming that it was the stupidest tea party that she had ever been to.
Alice trying to play croquet with a Flamingo.
Chapter 8 – The Queen's Croquet Ground: Alice leaves the tea party and enters the garden where she comes upon three living playing cards painting the white roses on a rose tree red because the Queen of Hearts hates white roses. A procession of more cards, kings and queens and even the White Rabbit enters the garden. Alice then meets the King and Queen. The Queen, a figure difficult to please, introduces her trademark phrase "Off with his head!" which she utters at the slightest dissatisfaction with a subject. Alice is invited (or some might say ordered) to play a game of croquet with the Queen and the rest of her subjects but the game quickly descends into chaos. Live flamingos are used as mallets and hedgehogs as balls and Alice once again meets the Cheshire Cat. The Queen of Hearts then orders the Cat to be beheaded, only to have her executioner complain that this is impossible since the head is all that can be seen of him. Because the cat belongs to the Duchess, the Queen is prompted to release the Duchess from prison to resolve the matter.
Chapter 9 – The Mock Turtle's Story: The Duchess is brought to the croquet ground at Alice's request. She ruminates on finding morals in everything around her. The Queen of Hearts dismisses her on the threat of execution and she introduces Alice to the Gryphon, who takes her to the Mock Turtle. The Mock Turtle is very sad, even though he has no sorrow. He tries to tell his story about how he used to be a real turtle in school, which the Gryphon interrupts so they can play a game.
Chapter 10 – Lobster Quadrille: The Mock Turtle and the Gryphon dance to the Lobster Quadrille, while Alice recites (rather incorrectly) "'Tis the Voice of the Lobster". The Mock Turtle sings them "Beautiful Soup" during which the Gryphon drags Alice away for an impending trial.
Chapter 11 – Who Stole the Tarts?: Alice attends a trial whereby the Knave of Hearts is accused of stealing the Queen's tarts. The jury is composed of various animals, including Bill the Lizard, the White Rabbit is the court's trumpeter, and the judge is the King of Hearts. During the proceedings, Alice finds that she is steadily growing larger. The dormouse scolds Alice and tells her she has no right to grow at such a rapid pace and take up all the air. Alice scoffs and calls the dormouse's accusation ridiculous because everyone grows and she can't help it. Meanwhile, witnesses at the trial include the Hatter, who displeases and frustrates the King through his indirect answers to the questioning, and the Duchess's cook.
Chapter 12 – Alice's Evidence: Alice is then called up as a witness. She accidentally knocks over the jury box with the animals inside them and the King orders the animals be placed back into their seats before the trial continues. The King and Queen order Alice to be gone, citing Rule 42 ("All persons more than a mile high to leave the court"), but Alice disputes their judgement and refuses to leave. She argues with the King and Queen of Hearts over the ridiculous proceedings, eventually refusing to hold her tongue. The Queen shouts her familiar "Off with her head!" but Alice is unafraid, calling them out as just a pack of cards; just as they start to swarm over her. Alice's sister wakes her up for tea, brushing what turns out to be some leaves and not a shower of playing cards from Alice's face. Alice leaves her sister on the bank to imagine all the curious happenings for herself.

Broadway

Broadway is a road in the U.S. state of New York. Perhaps best known for the portion that runs through the borough of Manhattan in New York City, it actually runs 15 mi (24 km) through Manhattan and The Bronx, exiting north from the city to run an additional 18 mi (29 km) through the municipalities of Yonkers, Hastings-On-Hudson, Dobbs Ferry, Irvington, Tarrytown and terminating north of Sleepy Hollow in Westchester County.[1] It is the oldest north–south main thoroughfare in New York City, dating to the first New Amsterdam settlement. The name Broadway is the English literal translation of the Dutch name, Breede weg. Broadway is known worldwide as the heart of the American theatre industry.

In 1885 the Broadway commercial district was overrun with telephone, telegraph, and electrical lines. This view was north from Cortlandt and Maiden Lane.
Broadway was originally the Wickquasgeck Trail, carved into the brush destination of Manhattan by its Native American inhabitants. This trail originally snaked through swamps and rocks along the length of Manhattan Island. Upon the arrival of the Dutch, the trail soon became the main road through the island from Nieuw Amsterdam at the southern tip. The Dutch explorer and entrepreneur David de Vries gives the first mention of it in his journal for the year 1642 ("the Wickquasgeck Road over which the Indians passed daily"). The Dutch named the road "Heerestraat".In the mid-eighteenth century, part of Broadway in what is now lower Manhattan was known as Great George Street.[4] In the 18th century, Broadway ended at the town commons north of Wall Street, where traffic continued up the East Side of the island via Eastern Post Road and the West Side via Bloomingdale Road. The western Bloomingdale Road would be widened and paved during the 19th century, and called "The Boulevard" north of Columbus Circle. On February 14, 1899 the name "Broadway" was extended to the entire Broadway/Bloomingdale/Boulevard road.

 roadway runs the length of Manhattan Island, from Bowling Green at the south, to Inwood at the northern tip of the island. South of Columbus Circle, it is a one-way southbound street. Starting in 2009, vehicular traffic is banned at Times Square between 47th and 42nd Streets, and at Herald Square between 35th and 33rd Streets as part of a pilot program; the right-of-way is intact and reserved for cyclists and pedestrians. From the northern shore of Manhattan, Broadway crosses Spuyten Duyvil Creek via the Broadway Bridge and continues through Marble Hill (a discontinuous portion of the borough of Manhattan) and the Bronx into Westchester County. U.S. 9 continues to be known as Broadway through its junction with NY 117.
Because Broadway is a true north–south route that parallels the Hudson River and preceded the grid that the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 imposed on the island, Broadway diagonally crosses Manhattan, its intersections with avenues marked by "squares" (some merely triangular slivers of open space) have induced some interesting architecture, such as the Flatiron Building.
A view up Broadway from Bowling Green, with the Chrysler Building visible in the background
The section of lower Broadway from its origin at Bowling Green to City Hall Park is the historical location for the city's ticker-tape parades, and is sometimes called the "Canyon of Heroes" during such events. West of Broadway as far as Canal Street was the city's fashionable residential area until circa 1825; landfill has more than tripled the area and the Hudson shore now lies far to the west, beyond TriBeCa and Battery Park City.
Broadway marks the boundary between Greenwich Village to the west and the East Village to the east, passing Astor Place. It is a short walk from there to New York University near Washington Square Park, which is at the foot of Fifth Avenue. A bend in front of Grace Church allegedly avoids an earlier tavern; from 10th Street it begins its long diagonal course across Manhattan, headed almost due north.
At Union Square, Broadway crosses 14th Street and continues its diagonal uptown course from the Square's northwest corner. Union Square is the only location wherein Broadway is discontinuous in Manhattan.
At Madison Square, location of the Flatiron Building, Broadway crosses Fifth Avenue at 23rd Street.
At Herald Square, Broadway crosses Sixth Avenue (the Avenue of the Americas). Macy's Department Store is located on the western corner of Herald Square; it is one of the largest department stores in the world.
Broadway and 38th Street
One famous stretch near Times Square, where Broadway crosses Seventh Avenue in midtown Manhattan, is the home of many Broadway theatres, housing an ever-changing array of commercial, large-scale plays, particularly musicals. This area of Manhattan is often called the Theater District or the Great White Way, a nickname originating in the headline "Found on the Great White Way" in the February 3, 1902 edition of the New York Evening Telegram. The journalistic nickname was inspired by the millions of lights on theater marquees and billboard advertisements that illuminate the area.
After becoming New York's de facto Red Light District in the 1960s and 1970s (as can be seen in the films Taxi Driver and Midnight Cowboy), since the late 1980s Times Square has emerged as a family tourist center, in effect being Disneyfied following the company's purchase and renovation of the New Amsterdam Theatre on 42nd Street in 1993. Until June 2007, The New York Times, from which the Square gets its name, was published at offices at 239 West 43rd Street; the paper stopped printing papers there on June 15, 1997.[6]
At the southwest corner of Central Park, Broadway crosses Eighth Avenue at West 59th Street; on the site of the former New York Coliseum convention center is the new shopping center at the foot of the Time Warner Center, headquarters of Time Warner.
North of Columbus Circle, Broadway retains planted center islands as a vestige of the central mall of "The Boulevard" that became the spine of the Upper West Side.
At the intersection of Columbus Avenue and West 65th Street, Broadway passes by the Juilliard School and Lincoln Center, both well-known performing arts landmarks, as well as a temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Mormon or LDS Church), known as the Manhattan New York Temple.
At the intersection with 72nd street, the triangle of tiny Verdi Square is surrounded by several notable apartment buildings, including The Ansonia, and the Florentine palazzo occupied by Apple Bank for Savings.
At its intersection with 78th Street, Broadway shifts direction, to continue directly uptown aligned approximately with the Commissioners' grid. Past the bend are The Apthorp and the First Baptist Church in the City of New York (1891), built for a Baptist congregation in New York since 1762. The road heads north passing such important apartment houses as The Belnord, the Astor Court Building, and the Art nouveau Cornwall.[7][8]
At 99th Street Broadway passes between the controversial skyscrapers of The Ariel East and West.
At 107th Street Broadway intersects with West End Avenue to form Straus Park with its Titanic Memorial by Augustus Lukeman.
Broadway at Dyckman Street in Inwood
Further north, Broadway follows the old Bloomingdale Road as the main spine of the Upper West Side, passing the campus of Columbia University at 116th Street in Morningside Heights, in part on the tract that housed the Bloomingdale (Lunatic) Asylum from 1808 until it moved to Westchester County in 1894. Still in Morningside Heights, Broadway passes the handsome, park-like campus of Barnard College. Next, the beautiful Gothic quadrangle of Union Theological Seminary and the brick buildings of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America with their beautifully landscaped interior courtyards face one another across Broadway. On the next block is the Manhattan School of Music. Broadway then runs past the proposed uptown campus of Columbia University, and the main campus of CUNY—City College; the beautiful Gothic buildings of the original City College campus are out of sight, a block to the east. Also to the east are the handsome brownstones of Hamilton Heights.
Broadway achieves a verdant, park-like effect, particularly in the spring, when it runs between the uptown Trinity Church Cemetery and the former Trinity Chapel, now the Church of the Intercession, New York near 155th Street. The springtime plantings in the median, maintained by Trinity Church, are spectacular.[citation needed]
NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital lies on Broadway near 166th, 167th, and 168th Streets in Washington Heights. The intersection with Saint Nicholas Avenue at 167th Street forms Mitchell Square Park. At 178th Street, US 9 joins Broadway.
Broadway crosses the Harlem River on the Broadway Bridge to Marble Hill and then enters The Bronx, where it is the eastern border of Riverdale and the western border of Van Cortlandt Park. At 253rd Street, NY 9A joins with U.S. 9 and Broadway. (NY 9A splits off Broadway at Ashburton Avenue in Yonkers.) After leaving New York City, it is the main north–south street of western Yonkers, New York through Sleepy Hollow (known as ether North or South Broadway in most sections), before becoming Albany Post Road (and Highland Avenue) at the northern border of Sleepy Hollow, New York.

Rabu, 19 September 2012

Sony Mengumumkan PlayStation 3 Super Slim Model

Pada konferensi Tokyo Game Show tanggal 18 Sony mengumumkan model PlayStation 3 baru yang mencapai hingga 50% lebih tipis dari original PS3 dan 25% lebih tipis dari PS3 slim yang sekarang. Model baru ini akan mempunyai dua warna yaitu Charcoal Black dan Classic White dengan pilhan storage 250 GB dengan harga 269 USD dan 500 GB dengan harga 299 USD.




God Eater 2 Akan Mempunyai Fitur Cross Platform Multiplayer

Namco Bandai merilis preview video God Eater 2 berdurasi 1-menit yang memperlihatkan gameplay untuk PSP dan PS VIta. Mereka juga memperlihatkan fitur untuk melakukan konektifitas antara PSP dan PS Vita dimana kalian dapat saling mentrasfer save data dan multiplayer di kedua platform. God Eater 2 akan rilis pada tahun 2013 untuk PSP dan PS Vita.







One Piece: Pirate Warriors Akan Meluncurkan Game Versi USnya

Namco Bandai telah meluncurkan trailer versi US dari One Piece: Pirate Musou yaitu One Piece: Pirate Warriors dan akan rilis pada tanggal 25 September untuk PlayStation 3.



Nendoroid Aoko Aozaki Preview


Good Smile Company memperlihatkan beberapa gambar preview Nendoroid Aoko Aozaki dari Mahoutsukai no Yoru










Kalian dapat melakukan preorder Nendoroid Aoko Aozaki langsung di GSC Online Shop